indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn over a new leaf; to mend one's ways; to reform
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take out (e.g. garbage); to put out (e.g. dishes on table); to serve (e.g. meal); to get out (e.g. food from cupboard); to submit (e.g. ideas, opinions); to provide for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Ratnasambhava; The Jewel-born (a dhyani-Buddha)
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
hygiene; sanitation; health
ministry; department; province (of China); saving; conserving
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
breaking up (e.g. meeting); dispersing (e.g. crowd); dissolving (company, organization, etc.); liquidating; dissolving (diet, parliament, etc.)
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be too much for one; to find unmanageable; to be beyond one's control; to not know what to do with
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to make a mess; to perpetrate; to do; to finish up; to be guilty of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
adds force or indicates command
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style