indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chirp; twitter; warble; whale tongue
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in that way; thus; so; so?
morning; morning coat; breakfast set (often a drink and toast); breakfast special
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
as (for); for; in the capacity of
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
around there; near there; or thereabouts; or so; such a matter; such a thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for