indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
low-lying part of a city (usu. containing shops, factories, etc.); Shitamachi (low-lying area of eastern Tokyo near Tokyo Bay, incl. Asakusa, Shitaya, Kanda, Fukugawa, Honjo, Nihonbashi, Kyobashi and surrounds)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
senior high school; high school
life; living; I; me; student
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
act of mercy; helping another person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
mechanism; machinery; trick; dodge; mechanical doll; string puppet
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle