indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior high school; high school
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sensation; feeling; tendency; propensity
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
unintentionally; unconsciously; by mistake; heedlessly; against one's better judgement (judgment)
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
chirp; twitter; warble; whale tongue
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
rikka; formal style of ikebana
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how; in what way; how about
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...