echo; reverberation; spirit of a tree; tree spirit
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
singing voice; (sound of) singing
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
God bless me!; Good heavens!
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
same country; same province; the (said) country
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
going on and on (about inconsequential things); talking nonsense; idling away the time; dawdling
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
trouble; difficulties; dispute; confusion; disorder; mess
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
one move (in go, shogi, etc.); only way; only means; doing alone; doing single-handed
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
when; how soon; how long until
to struggle in the water; to sink below the surface and become unable to breathe; to (nearly) drown; to indulge in; to lose one's head over something; to be addicted