jpdb beta

bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

61

God bless me!; Good heavens!

5

aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!

1

six; 6

1

gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons

1

ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

28

comfort

1

to get worse; to deteriorate; to go from bad to worse; to spoil (of food); to go bad; to perish

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

17

high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

38

to come back

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

6

fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she

7

being intrusive; intrusive person

1

condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner

1

when it comes to ...; concerning; where ... are concerned

1

quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like

1

several tens

1

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

1

in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward

2

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

9

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

6

appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style

1

isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...

1

really; truly; indeed; good grief

1

cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible

1

to smell; to smell of; to have a smell

1

what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few

5

is it?; isn't it?; be; is

1

(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style

1

oh; yes; huh?; hm?

16

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

7

is that so? (generally rhetorical)

2

still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least

1

to remain; to be left

2

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

11

that; those; the

6

family; relatives; dependents; household

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

29

heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion

1

to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate

1

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

2

adds force or indicates command

7

diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily

2

rest; quiet; repose

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

27

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

6