Tanba (former province located in parts of present-day Kyoto, Hyogo and Osaka prefectures)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
nth generation; nth (person to occupy a position, e.g. president)
(present) head of a family
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be; to exist; to be (honorific copula)
adds force or indicates command
nobleman; dignitary; feudal lord (of the Edo period); daimyō; man brought up away from the world; arrogant man with little knowledge of the ways of the world
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suddenly; all of a sudden
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
form; shape; figure; visage
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work