suffix for familiar person
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wander from place to place; to change jobs
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to lay waste; to devastate; to invade; to break into; to troll (e.g. web forums); to spam
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson
thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
such; this sort of; like this
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff