suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in a terrible mess; in complete disorder; chaotic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(short) rest; breather; break
in that way; thus; so; so?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
hot spring; mineral spring; salon offering beauty treatments, weight reduction, relaxation, etc.; spaghetti
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
each time; always; often; thank you for your continued patronage
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)