suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
again; once more; a second time
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to run away; to flee; to make off; to start to run away
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
fatsi (Fatsia japonica); paperplant; Japanese aralia
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
mum; mom; mummy; the missus
to be found; to be discovered
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
face; honour; honor; appearance; look
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
search (esp. for someone or something missing); manhunt; legally authorized search of a person, building, etc.