suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change places; to relieve one another; to replace someone
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
dear me!; good gracious!; well; let me see; now
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention
don't you think?; indicates question
clearing one's throat; cough