suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trifling with; toying with; playing with; tossing about (a ship)
while; during; while; although; all; both
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
looking for something; searching for something; object being sought
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fatsi (Fatsia japonica); paperplant; Japanese aralia
tree (e.g. Christmas); tree structure; tree diagram
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to have a feeling (that); to have a sensation (that)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
performance; take; game; season; penetrative vaginal sex (with a prostitute); unsimulated sex (in an adult movie)
twenty-fifth day of the month; twenty-five days
long time; long interval; for quite some time
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all