suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to finger; to touch; to make changes to; to tinker with; to dabble in; to do as a hobby
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
treasure; picture of a treasure ship; money; cash
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum); Japanese littleneck clam
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...