to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fresh, young ears of rice
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
adds force or indicates command
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
resistance (movement); popular resistance against a military invasion (esp. of that by the French against the Nazis in World War II)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
continuation; succession; series
to consider as; to regard (as equivalent); to deem (as); to equate
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
traditional art; traditional performance art
kappore (traditional Japanese comic dance)
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo