to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
treasure hunting; treasure hunt; lucky dip; game involving finding hidden prizes from a sand box, barrel of leaves, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
softy; pushover; wishy-washy person
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
formidable enemy; strong enemy; tough enemy
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
you (plural); all of you; you all
duty; function; office; mission; task
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
business trip; official trip
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)