indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
all present; all concerned; all of us
full moon; 15th day of the lunar month
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suffering; distress; hardship; trial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to conquer (e.g. an enemy); to defeat; to overcome (a difficulty); to out-hit
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no matter what; whatever you say; in the end
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
father; dad; husband; you; he
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do