indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
image; figure; figure; form; image
in (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); inside the line; in; inside; enter here; enter
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to become quiet; to quiet down; to quieten down; to calm down; to die down; to subside
please (give me); please (do for me)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
easy; trifling; harmless; nothing of the sort; not at all
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to the best of my ability, poor though it be