indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to put to use; to make good use of; to exploit
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
good performance; good work; great success
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
copy; photocopy; blurb on a book jacket; catch copy
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
elimination; erasure; clearing; elimination (of variables)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
in name only; figurehead; (only) by name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
hatred; abhorrence; loathing; detestation
heart; mind; bottom of one's heart; core (of one's character); centre; center; heart (organ)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck