indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cyborg; cybernetic organism
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that is to say; so that means
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
because of; owing to; due to
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
in some way or other; one way or another; somehow; only just; barely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed