indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
full moon; 15th day of the lunar month
that's the way it is; such is life
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
charge; custody; safekeeping; deposit; storage
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
living thing; living creature; animal; life
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
human realm; world of humans; terrestrial world
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted