program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
adds force or indicates command
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
number one; first; best; most; game; round
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
beyond this point; from now on; after this
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
scroll; rolled book; scarf; muffler; sushi made rolled in nori seaweed with a core of filling
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
splendid; praiseworthy; admirable; well done!; bravo!
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you; Mr; Mister; older brother; elder brother