to occupy; to hold; to account for; to make up; to take up
rate; ratio; comparatively; contrary to expectations
Shoku Nihongi (second of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Nihon Kōki (third of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Shoku Nihon Kōki (fourth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Emperor Koukou; Koukou Tenno (830-887 CE, reigning: 884-887 CE)
Rikkokushi; the six ancient Japanese historical collections compiled between the Nara and Heian periods
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
Emperor Uda; Uda Tenno (867-931 CE, reigning: 887-897 CE)
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
official title; name of one's job
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
start of a course; start of lectures; opening of a new course; offering a course (for the first time)
closing a course (program, etc.); end of a course (program, etc.)
several years; a few years
to need; to demand; to take; to require
Historiographical Institute (University of Tokyo)
being able to do as one pleases; doing at will; pothook
war; fighting; fierce competition
workshop; studio; atelier
characteristic (of); peculiar (to)
foot-operated bellows; foot bellows
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
iron sand; magnetite sand
restoration; return; reduction; resolution; deoxidization
refining; refinement; smelting; training
about when; about what time; how soon
Hiroshima prefecture (Chūgoku area)
komaru (type of playing cards)
refining; refinement; smelting
hearth; fireplace; furnace; kiln