renewal; update; innovation; improvement
educator; teacher; educationalist
dietitian; (licensed) nutritionist
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
program (of events, music, etc.); programme; program (booklet); brochure; (computer) program; programming
armed forces; military; troops
student (esp. a university student)
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
society; public; community; social studies
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
use; utilization; utilisation; application
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
at hand; on hand; way of moving one's arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
characteristic (of); peculiar (to)
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to concern; to be related
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very