spell; curse; dharani; mantra
words; writing; ci (form of Chinese poetry); independent word
ritual prayer; invocation of the gods participating in a rite; congratulatory address
Engi-Shiki (set of ancient Japanese governmental regulations)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
world; society; people; the public
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to cause; to induce; to bring about a result or state; to produce
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in that way; thus; so; so?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
Heian period (794-1185); imperial court in the Heian period
to have the personal support of (an influential person); to be under the patronage of
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
such; this sort of; like this
nature; property; disposition
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
cannot be helped; unavoidable; pointless; useless; hopeless (person); annoying
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
all; entire; whole; altogether
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness