tanka; 31-mora Japanese poem
essence; true nature; substance; reality
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
Man'yōshū (8th century anthology of Japanese poetry)
after this; from now on; hereafter; thereafter; since (then); after
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
creation; production; creative work (novel, film, etc.); fabrication; fiction; invention
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
form (as opposed to substance); formality; method; system; format; mode
fixing (in place); being fixed (in place); fixing (e.g. salary, capital); keeping the same; fixation (histology); user name (on an online forum like 2ch where the majority of users post anonymously)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
long (time that has passed); old (story)
ago; since; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda); wistaria
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as a matter of fact; to tell the truth
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
section (i.e. of text); sentence; phrase; verse (of 5 or 7 mora in Japanese poetry; of 4, 5, or 7 characters in Chinese poetry); haiku; first 17 morae of a renga, etc.
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to feel dizzy; to have blood rush to one's head; to lose one's cool; to be obsessed; to be infatuated; to become conceited
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
labour pains; labor pains; birth pains; contractions
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to play accompaniment; to keep time; to cheer; to applaud; to jeer; to mock
to send (someone) back; to send (someone) home
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression