first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at the most; at best; to the utmost; as much as possible; as much as one can
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
a verse (e.g. in the Bible); stanza; paragraph; passage; a joint; section
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
in comparison to; rather than
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
modern person; people of today
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants