this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
soon; in a moment; nearby; close; direct; spot transaction
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
light; faint; pale; fleeting
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(many) mountains; very much (wanting to do something one cannot); greatly; so many; a lot of
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
founder; originator; pioneer
together with; same; both; all; including ...
birth; creation; formation
tradition; legend; folklore