first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to take in one's hand; to pick up; to obtain
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
sect; denomination; school (e.g. of poetry)
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indeed; really; truly; very much
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
correction; rectification; mending; repair
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
anticlimax; let-down; disappointment; loss of interest
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me