education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
to require much effort; to be hard to do; to be bone-breakingly hard
lowborn; humble; vulgar; coarse; shabby; greedy
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
single word; a few words; brief comment
to speak; to talk; to argue; to manage; to dispose of; to carry through
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
one's circumstances; environment; situation (in life)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
to catch sight of; to see; to suppose; to assume from appearances
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
surface; face; outside; exterior; appearances; superficiality
frequently; repeatedly; eagerly; keenly; hard; terribly
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
swallowtail butterfly (esp. the citrus swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus)
trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata); hardy orange
Japanese pepper (species of Sichuan pepper, Zanthoxylum piperitum); Japanese prickly ash
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
one-by-one; separately; in detail
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
swallowtail butterfly larva (a pest of citrus plants)
bizarre; strange; eccentric; odd; queer
to poke (repeatedly, lightly); to nudge; to peck at (one's food); to pick at; to peck at (someone's faults, etc.); to egg on