indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
form (as opposed to substance); formality; method; system; format; mode
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
typeface; style of handwriting; calligraphic style
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby
please (give me); please (do for me)
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become better; to improve
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
mellow (flavor or fragrance, esp. alcohol); rich; full-bodied; superior
to be finished; to be completed; to be done
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing