cooperation; collaboration
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
Japanese person; Japanese people
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very young; little; childish; immature
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Hanawa Hokiichi (1746.6.23-1821.10.7)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be disheartened; to lose heart; to be sprained; to be snapped; to be broken
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case