few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
dealing with; coping with
to happen to have on hand or in stock
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
how; in what way; how about
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
destabilization; destabilisation
background; scenery; background (of an incident, situation, etc.); circumstances; backing; support (from behind the scenes)
if you do this; if this is the case
to soften; to calm down; to be eased; to be mitigated; to subside; to abate
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
-ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); doing such things as...; expresses a command; (arch.) to be; (arch.) indicates completion or continuation of an action
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
explanation; interpretation
a certain someone; Mr So-and-so
question; inquiry; enquiry
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
questions and answers; dialogue
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
Southern Song dynasty (China, 1127-1279)
one-by-one; separately; every single; each and every; without omission
symbol used as a placeholder (either because a number of other words could be used in that position, or because of censorship); certain; unnamed; undisclosed
creation; founding; initiating
neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers)
Edo shogunate (1603-1867)
basic principle; fundamental principle
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
by nature; naturally; by birth; inborn
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
to shake; to swing; to sway; to shock
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
high and low (social standing)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer