at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here and there; little by little; sporadically; dots; spots
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to reach back into one's memory; to search one's mind; to recall
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
near oneself; close to one; familiar
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
signboard; sign; draw; attraction; reputation (of a shop); name
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
primary school; elementary school; grade school
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
here and there; in twos and threes; sporadically; now and then; from time to time; occasionally
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine