bedpan; chamber pot; potty
excretion; discharge; excrement
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
to discharge (e.g. effluent)
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
already; now; no longer; not any more
arrival in Japan; coming to Japan; visit to Japan
world fair; international exposition
on the occasion of; at the time of
(a) step ahead; (a) jump ahead
engineer; technical expert; technician; craftsperson
to call; to summon; to send for; to call together
pouring one's energy into; focusing one's efforts on; concentrating on; committing oneself to
difficult to imagine; quite unlikely to; very doubtful; would not expect
to gain knowledge; to build up one's knowledge
to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
manure; fertilizer; fertiliser; compost
excreta; raw sewage; human waste; night soil
something or other; this and that; one thing this, another thing that; blah blah blah
toilet (from which night-soil may be collected)
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
tenement house; row house
farmer; farming family; farmhouse
contract; compact; agreement
one theory (opinion); another theory (opinion)
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
official history; authorized history
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
to repaint; to paint again; to break (a record); to rewrite; to remake
introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation
to a greater or lesser extent (degree); more or less
chemical fertilizer; chemical fertiliser
circulation (money, goods, etc.); distribution; circulation (air, water, etc.); ventilation; negotiable (e.g. shares); distributional
companion; follower; attendant; retinue