order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
pilchard oil; sardine oil
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to burn; to scorch; to char; to singe
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be cloying; to be sick and tired with; to be disgusted with; to stink
awfully; frightfully; desperately; violently; unduly; extremely
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be lit (e.g. candle, lamp, light bulb); to be lighted; to be burning
fixed paper-enclosed lantern; paper-covered wooden stand housing an (oil) lamp
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
one animal (small); (arch.) two-tan bolt of cloth
feather; plume; wing; blade (of a fan, propeller, etc.); shuttlecock (in badminton); shuttlecock (in hanetsuki); arrow feathers
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to clatter; to flap (noisily); to rattle; to walk around being unable to settle down
long ago; a long time ago; already
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
crying (of an infant) at night; baby colic
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to rub; to scrub; to scrape
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
to lean against; to recline on; to lean on; to rely on; to depend on
long sword (esp. the tachi, worn on the hip edge down by samurai); large sword; straight single-edged Japanese sword (from the mid-Heian period or earlier); guandao; Chinese glaive
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health