too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lottery; lot; raffle; draw
territory (pre-Taika: under the Yamato court; Heian: under a provincial governor, etc.); (arch.) countryside
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thick clouds; classical Japanese poetry
to rush on; to attack; to swoop down on
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
long sword (esp. the tachi, worn on the hip edge down by samurai); large sword; straight single-edged Japanese sword (from the mid-Heian period or earlier)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bite into (e.g. rope into skin); to cut into; to eat into; to encroach; to be wedged (i.e. underwear pulled from the back, driving it between the buttocks)
to clear away; to clear land; to prune; to lop off
or something; for instance ... (though there are other suitable options); ... or ...; as soon as; right after; while still
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
response (felt in the hands); resistance; reaction; response; effect
arm; skill; efforts; ability
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to slay; to cut down (a foe)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
one large animal (horses, cattle, etc.); head (of cattle)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
small; small-sized; small-scale; miniature
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to hunt (animals); to search (for a criminal); to go looking for (flowers, etc.); to gather (mushrooms)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
plural; multiple; several
coincident with; while; simultaneously
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to get drunk; to become intoxicated; to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated; to be elated; to be exalted
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing