illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
chapter one; first chapter
defense of one's country; defence of one's country
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
love at first sight; being taken with someone at the first meeting
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
of course; certainly; naturally
in itself; the thing itself; this itself; for its own sake; per se
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
incident; affair; happening; event
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
theory; reason; logic; (unreasonable) argument; strained logic; excuse
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
recognition; acknowledgement; acknowledgment; approval; consent; agreement
to be needed; to be wanted
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(at) any time; always; at all times; whenever