Eiroku era (1558.2.28-1570.4.23)
unify the nation by force; (lit.) spread military force under the heavens
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
January; first month of the lunar calendar
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
the whole year's plans should be made on New Year's Day
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to offer; to present; to serve (food and drink); to offer (to the gods); to set up (before an altar)
mochi; (sticky) rice cake
inseparable (esp. bond, relationship); inextricable; joined at the hip; integral; essential; cannot be broken (cut, separated)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
originally; essentially; naturally; in the first place; to begin with
God; god; ace; king; superior person
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
celebration; auspicious occasion
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to miss (doing); to fail (to do)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
farmer; peasant; farming; the common people
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)