jpdb beta

Sapporo (city in Hokkaido)

35

The Last Song (novel)

2

Shouji Yukiya

1

corner; edge; (street) corner; turning; rough edges (of one's character, words, etc.); abrasiveness

2

river; stream; River; the ... river

3

library; book collection; paperback book

1

Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)

1

nine; 9

8

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

16

or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...

1

ten years; decade

5

was; were

120

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

838

to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine

222

clerk; office worker; kulak

8

teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder

15

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

1902

your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

601

intimacy; familiarity; closeness

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

2777

botany

1

professor; teaching; instruction

37

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

1560

Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)

29

earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)

2

lichens

1

collecting; gathering

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

1580

to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on

7

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

430

holiday; day off

1

national holiday; festival day

1

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

189

body; physical system; (the) person

5

tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training

1

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

73

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

276

nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...

21

high mountain; alpine mountain

1

to; towards; for

2

to go; to come; to turn out (at a meeting, event, etc.); to show up; to make your way to

1

student (esp. a university student)

9

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

766

always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively

9

some people; a few people; several people

1

attendant; companion

2

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

370

thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality

130