god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
pile; heap; counter for things that are stacked, piled up (or layered, etc.); layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat; combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
older sister; elder sister
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be wrapped up (e.g. in a blanket); to cover oneself
quilt; bedspread; cover (for a kotatsu quilt); cloak; smock; second dyeing
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
stirring; slight movement
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come near; to approach; to be on the verge of; to be about to; to overhang; to hang over
village; hamlet; countryside; country
intentionally; deliberately; designedly; especially; particularly
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
woven mat (esp. one made of straw); (arch.) seat
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to provide momentum; to give a boost to; to encourage; to spur; to stimulate
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
while; during; while; although; all; both
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few