illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
border (pattern); stripes; border; boundary; border; edge
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wind (of a road, etc.); to meander; to twist; to undulate; to surge; to swell
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stray into; to lose one's way (and enter); to wander into
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
to die; to lay down life's burden
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
remains; corpse; (dead) body
to pile up; to stack up; to accumulate
battlefield; battleground
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
breath; breathing; tone; mood
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
to feel nauseated; to feel sick
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out