establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
careful consideration; thought
previously; already; beforehand; in advance; for some time
of course; certainly; naturally
firmly rooted; deep-seated
argument that something is unnecessary; opposition
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
Japan and Russia; Russo-Japanese
war; fighting; fierce competition
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
based on; built on; made from
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
mean; contemptible; despicable; dirty; foul; cowardly
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to throw out one's chest; to be puffed up with pride
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
thoughtlessly; rashly; unwisely; halfway; half-done; incomplete
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
fair and square; open and aboveboard
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
to make it a principle to ...; to aim at doing
underhanded; unfair; makeshift; stopgap
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
to play with; to joke; to use (esp. trick, sophistry, etc.); to deride; to scoff at; to make fun of
supreme command authority (of the emperor)
to be; to exist; to be (honorific copula)
insult; affront; slight; contempt (e.g. of court)