from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
overseas student; exchange student
stamp; sticker (in messaging apps); (large) emoji
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days
to run (of liquid); to spread; to blur; to blot; to ooze; to well up (of tears, etc.)
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to recall; to remember; to recollect
name; given name; first name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
portrait photo; mug shot; face shot; photograph of a person's face
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that