pivot; vital point; cornerstone; Japanese photinia
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
immersing oneself in; being absorbed in; devoting oneself to; giving oneself up entirely to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
outside (e.g. of a building); exterior; outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world
control room; control booth
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
prop; stay; support; brace; fulcrum
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
to jar; to creak; to grate
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
assisted reproductive technologies; ART
construction; establishment
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
cave; hollow; cavity; hollow
(not) merely; (not) simply
gun; cannon; artillery; ordnance
unperturbed; undaunted; retaining composure; unyielding; not giving an inch
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi