prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
school building; schoolhouse
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the reverse; other side; lining
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); k-car; kei car
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
model; dummy; model (profession); fashion model; model (of a vehicle, machine, etc.); version; model (e.g. mathematical)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cheap-looking; tawdry; insignificant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
various places; several sources
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be worn down; to be reduced
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
because of; owing to; due to
bonnet; (car) hood; bonnet (hat)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
domestically produced car
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
much more; still more; single layer (or storey, etc.); (arch.) rather; (arch.) sooner
appearance; shape; form; atmosphere; look; feel
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become used to seeing; to be familiar with
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel