book; volume; this; present; main; head
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to vary; to disagree
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
insufficient; inadequate; imperfect
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
something like ...; something called ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
memory; sense; experience
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
my goodness!; oh my!; oh dear!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to become twisted; to grow distorted; to get sulky; to sulk; to grow bitter; to become embittered