sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
colony; (Japanese) settlement (in Brazil)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
lineage; line; unification; all (of you)
chief navigator; navigating officer; navigator; sailing master
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
governor-general; governor; viceroy
head; chief; top student; head of the class; top seat; first desk (in orchestra)
inspector general; commissioner
district; section; sector
representation; agency; proxy; deputy; agent; attorney
rule; reign; government; governing
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
leader of a delegation (body, party)
platoon commander; section commander
congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
the same; the said; likewise
chair; chairman; chairperson; speaker (of an assembly); president (of a council, senate, etc.)
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)