table of contents; contents
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
January; first month of the lunar calendar
March; third month of the lunar calendar
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
while; during; while; although; all; both
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
twilight; sunset; dusk; evening
than; from; out of; except; but; more
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
six o'clock; six periods of a day (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, midnight, late night)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
Ginza (shopping district in Tokyo); (Edo period) silver mint
avenue; boulevard; tree-lined street
leather shoes; leather boots