Ubume; birthing woman ghost in Japanese folklore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
nightly procession of monsters, spirits, etc.; veritable pandemonium; large number of people plotting and doing evil; creepy characters roaming about
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
now; the present time; just now; another; more
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
lukewarm; tepid; disagreeably warm (e.g. bath)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
means of making contact; intermediary; go-between; connections; influence; pull
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
having; holding; wear; durability; charge; expense
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
peaceful; tranquil; calm; restful
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
in drops; dripping; gently (sloping); sluggishly; endlessly; leisurely
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...