illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.); natural science; science department (university); science course; science (as a school subject)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
bento; Japanese box lunch
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
than; from; out of; except; but; more
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to